Earthquake: Delhi

Delhi Shaken: What You Need to Know About the Recent Earthquake

Early on Monday morning, residents of Delhi and the surrounding National Capital Region (NCR) were jolted awake by an earthquake. While thankfully no major damage has been reported, the event has understandably raised concerns and prompted discussions about seismic activity in the region. Here's a breakdown of what happened, why it matters, and what the future might hold.

Recent Updates: Delhi Feels the Tremors

At approximately 5:36 AM on Monday, February 17, 2025, a 4.0 magnitude earthquake struck Delhi-NCR. The National Center for Seismology (NCS) confirmed the details, reporting that the earthquake originated at a depth of five kilometres, with the epicentre located in Delhi's Dhaula Kuan area.

The tremors, though relatively short-lived, were felt across the city and in neighbouring areas. Social media was quickly flooded with reports from residents who described feeling strong shaking and experiencing a sense of panic. While there were no immediate reports of injuries or significant structural damage, the event served as a stark reminder of Delhi's vulnerability to seismic activity.

Key Facts (Verified):

• Magnitude: 4.0
• Time: 5:36 AM (February 17, 2025)
• Epicentre: Dhaula Kuan, Delhi
• Depth: 5 kilometres

Delhi Police also took to X (formerly Twitter) to urge citizens to remain calm and ensure their safety.

Delhi's Seismic Setting: A Region Prone to Earthquakes

Delhi's location makes it particularly susceptible to earthquakes. The city falls within Seismic Zone IV, a region considered prone to earthquakes due to its proximity to the Himalayan collision zone. This geological setting means that Delhi experiences seismic activity from two primary sources:

1. The Himalayas: The ongoing collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates generates significant stress and strain, leading to earthquakes along the Himalayan range. These earthquakes can send shockwaves that are felt in Delhi.
2. Local Geological Factors: Recent research suggests that the Delhi region is also prone to seismic activity due to "in-situ material heterogeneity," meaning variations in the geological composition of the ground beneath the city. This can cause localized stress and strain, leading to smaller, shallower earthquakes. The recent earthquake is believed to be caused by this.

As The Hindu reported, a scientist explained that the recent temblor was likely due to this regional geological variation and not directly linked to plate tectonics. The shallow depth of the earthquake, as confirmed by the NCS, contributed to the intensity of the tremors felt by residents.

A History of Tremors: Delhi's Earthquake Past

Delhi has experienced several earthquakes of varying magnitudes throughout its history. While major, devastating earthquakes are rare, smaller tremors are relatively common.

• NDTV highlights Delhi's location within Seismic Zone IV, indicating a historically recognized risk.
• News reports mention past earthquakes, including a 3.5-magnitude quake on April 12, 2020, and a 3.4-magnitude quake on May 10, 2020, both in northeast Delhi, as well as a 4.4-magnitude earthquake on May 29, 2020, near Rohtak (about 50 kilometres west of Delhi).

These past events underscore the importance of earthquake preparedness and the need for resilient infrastructure in the region.

Immediate Effects: Panic and Reflection

The immediate aftermath of the earthquake saw widespread panic among Delhi residents. Many people rushed out of their homes, fearing further tremors. Social media platforms became a hub for sharing experiences, expressing concerns, and seeking information.

While there were no reports of major damage, the event served as a wake-up call for many, prompting reflection on the city's preparedness for a larger earthquake. Questions arose about the structural integrity of buildings, the effectiveness of emergency response systems, and the need for greater public awareness about earthquake safety measures.

Some residents described hearing a "low growl" sound during the earthquake, a phenomenon that is sometimes associated with seismic events. While the exact cause of this sound is not always clear, it is believed to be related to the movement of the earth and the propagation of seismic waves.

Future Outlook: Preparing for the Inevitable

Given Delhi's seismic setting, the possibility of future earthquakes, including potentially larger ones, cannot be ruled out. Experts emphasize the importance of proactive measures to mitigate the risks and enhance the city's resilience.

Key Areas for Focus:

• Building Codes: Strict enforcement of building codes that ensure earthquake-resistant construction is crucial. This includes retrofitting older buildings to improve their seismic performance.
• Emergency Preparedness: Developing and implementing comprehensive emergency response plans that outline procedures for evacuation, rescue, and medical assistance is essential.
• Public Awareness: Educating the public about earthquake safety measures, such as "drop, cover, and hold on," can significantly reduce the risk of injuries during an earthquake.
• Early Warning Systems: Investing in early warning systems that can provide advance notice of an impending earthquake can give people valuable time to take protective action.
• Infrastructure Resilience: Ensuring the resilience of critical infrastructure, such as power grids, water supply systems, and communication networks, is vital to maintaining essential services after an earthquake.

While predicting earthquakes remains a challenge, understanding the risks and taking proactive measures can significantly reduce the potential impact of future seismic events. Delhi's recent experience serves as a reminder of the importance of preparedness and the need for continued investment in earthquake resilience.

Living in Earthquake Country: Practical Tips for Staying Safe

Experiencing an earthquake can be frightening, but knowing what to do can make a big difference. Here are some practical tips for staying safe during and after an earthquake:

• During an Earthquake:
  • Drop, Cover, and Hold On: If you are indoors, drop to the ground, take cover under a sturdy table or desk, and hold on until the shaking stops.
  • Stay Away from Windows and Doors: Avoid standing near windows, doors, or other objects that could fall on you.
  • If Outdoors: Move to an open area away from buildings, trees, and power lines.
• After an Earthquake:
  • Check for Injuries: Assess yourself and others for injuries and provide first aid if needed.
  • Be Aware of Aftershocks: Expect aftershocks, which can occur in the hours, days, or even weeks following the main earthquake.
  • Inspect Your Home: Check your home for structural damage and be cautious of falling debris.
  • Listen to Emergency Broadcasts: Stay informed by listening to emergency broadcasts on radio or television.
  • Conserve Resources: Conserve water and other resources, as they may be limited after an earthquake.

By being prepared and knowing what to do, you can increase your chances of staying safe during and after an earthquake.